Background: Normally happening substances like flavonoids are regarded as active candidates for the treatment and prevention of cancer The purpose of this study was to see how Iraqi E. arvense total flavonoid affected cell lines biologically and human lung fibroblast normal cell line (WISH). Methods: Plant powder was extracted by reflex apparatus, then thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine total flavonoids. Cytotoxicity assay (MTT) was used to determine the cytotoxic activity of the prepared plant against human breast cancer (MCF-7), cells human cervix cancer (HELA), human colon cancer (Caco-2) and human lung fibroblast normal cell line (WISH). Results: The flavonoids Rutin, Quercetin, Kaempferol, and luteolin were detected using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) technique. In contrast to the negative control, the extract inhibited cell growth to a highest of 82. 158% for MCF-7 and 61. 360% for Caco-2 at the concentration (100 μ, g/ml), and (54. 880%) for Hela cell line at the concentration (100 μ, g/ml). In addition, the concentration (6. 25 μ, g/ml) of total flavonoid extract produced a decrease in the growth of the normal WISH cell line to reach (1. 094%). Conclusions: Equisetum arvense contain high amounts of flavonoids, the qualification of some flavonoids compounds was detected using TLC. The total flavonoids showed significant cytotoxic activity against various types of cancer cell lines and normal cell line in vitro, the antitumor activity was highly efficient in a dose and cell type dependent manner.

Ethyl acetate, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Achillea millefolium and Equisetum arvense were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against a range of microorganisms by paper-disk agar diffusion method. A gram positive bacterium namely Staphylococcus aureus, two gram negative bacterium namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and two fungi namely Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were tested .The results showed a different extent of growth inhibition activity against the selected microorganisms. The most active antibacterial extracts were the chloroform extracts of Achillea millefolium against Staphylococcus aureus (15mm zone diameter of inhibition). The data also indicated that ethyl acetate extracts of Equisetum arvense have considerable in vitro activity against Staphylococcus aureus (11mm zone diameter of inhibition). According to the results chloroform extracts of Achillea millefolium had a partial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The aqueous extracts of two plants did not inhibit the growth of all the selected micro organisms.

Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) has gained prominence in the herbal products industry, particularly for nail and hair-strengthening formulations, owing to its high silicon (Si) content. Silicon plays a crucial role in the plant's synthesis of key antioxidants, specifically phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Therefore, identifying methods to enhance the Si content in plants is of paramount importance. This study aimed to investigate and attempt to assess how inorganic (nitrogen and silicon) and organic (rice husk) compounds influence the phytochemical and growth properties of E. arvense. For this purpose, an RCBD experiment with three replications was conducted at the Rice Research Institute of Iran in 2019. The treatments included organic (rice husk) and inorganic (N and Si) fertilizers at varying proportions. The experiment results showed that the majority of traits were highly correlated with each other. Total flavonoid content exhibited the strongest correlations with total phenolic content (0.709) and rhizome count per plant (0.771), both of which were positive and statistically significant. Four types of models were generated four the stepwise regression analysis phase, in which total phenolic and total flavonoid contents exerted had the most significant influence in determining silicon content. The R² values for the models were as follows: Model 1 (22.1%), Model 2 (37.5%), Model 3 (59.6%), and Model 4 (63%). The direct positive effect for total phenolic content had a direct positive effect of 0.470 content was 0.470, while total flavonoid content showed a direct positive effect of 0.866 and a direct negative effect of -0.558. POD enzymatic activity demonstrated direct positive effects (1.524) as well as direct negative effects (-0.822 and -0.691). For stem length, direct positive effects were observed (1.312 and 0.320), along with direct negative effects (-0.558, -0.605, -0.691, and -0.831).

Background: Osteoporosis is a common disease of old age. The present study used digital radiography to determine the effects of Equisetum arvense extract on the bone mineral density (BMD) of experimental rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 25 male and 25 female Wistar rats, aged three weeks old and weighing 100 grams, were randomly divided into five groups: (1) control group, (2) calcium/vitamin D group, (3) 60 mg/kg Equisetum arvense extract group, (4) 90 mg/kg Equisetum arvense extract group and (5) 120 mg/kg Equisetum arvense extract group. Rats received these diets for 30 days. The spongy bone density was measured in the maxilla and mandible using digital radiography and the serum levels of calcium, vitamin D and phosphorus were measured at baseline and after 30 days. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: There was no significant difference between serum calcium and phosphorus levels in the five groups before and after 30 days. The serum vitamin D in the group receiving calcium and vitamin D was significantly higher than in the other groups (with average values of 24. 7, 61. 7, 23. 47, 23. 95 and 39. 16 in the male groups 1 to 5 and 29. 0, 85. 07, 31. 58, 42. 34 and 18. 83 in the female groups 1 to 5, respectively (p<0. 001). Moreover, the increased mandibular BMD in the 120 mg/kg Equisetum arvense group was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0. 01). Conclusion: A diet containing 120 mg/kg Equisetum arvense extract resulted in increased mandibular bone mineral density.